1. Classic Arcade Shooting Games
2. Retro Shooting Arcade Games
3. Names Of Old Arcade Shooting Games
4. Old Time Shooting Games Free
5. Arcade Space Shooting Games

Area 51 By Atari Games Popular arcade shooting video game designed for 1 or 2 player action. Your goal is to kill the attacking Space Aliens and Zombies in the governments top secret Area 51. With many different levels and secret rooms, this shooting game remains as one of the most popular. Fully Reconditioned - 1 Year Warranty. Our Price $1,350. Classic Games Arcade is a 100% free online arcade games website. We aim to bring you the best classic arcade games which you can add to your blog or website and share with your friends. We have loads of retro games from mario, galga, metal slug, sonic, street fighter 2 to pac man. Retro modernized: Played Shmup (STG) games before? This top-down shooter will make you say «wow» and revive the best impressions of your scroll childhood. No matter you are a fan of Strikers, Tyrian, Ace Squad, Razor or Airborn or you participated in battle actions in Sky Force. You will become the fan of our series 1942 Arcade Shooting. This is list of gun games, video games that use a non-fixed gun controller, organized by the video game console or computer system that they were made available for. Ports of light gun games which do not support a light gun are not included in this list. Also not included are games that use positional guns, analog controllers normally mounted to arcade cabinets that are used to move crosshairs along the.

This is list of gun games, video games that use a non-fixed gun controller, organized by the video game console or computer system that they were made available for. Ports of light gun games which do not support a light gun (e.g. the Sega Saturn version of Corpse Killer) are not included in this list. Also not included are games that use positional guns, analog controllers normally mounted to arcade cabinets that are used to move crosshairs along the screen. The games are organized alphabetically by the console's company and then subdivided by the respective company's consoles in a chronological fashion.

• 5Atari
• 8Microsoft
• 9Nintendo
• 10Royal Philips Electronics N.V.
• 11Sega
• 12Sinclair
• 13Sony

History of Arcade games. The late 1970s through the 1980s was the golden age of the classic arcade video game. One of the first successful arcade video games was SpaceWar, a game that was created by students at Stanford University in 1971. It would be the start of the golden age for Arcade games that would last until 1983. Free Arcade Games Online & More at AddictingGames.com! Everybody loves the classics, including AddictingGames.com! As the largest source of online games on the web today, we offer a variety of arcade games to play. Featured Classic Arcade Games.

3DO Interactive Multiplayer[edit]

Amstrad CPC[edit]

Gunstick CPC games:

• A-Team, The Gunstick 1988 Zafiro
• Bestial Warrior Gunstick 1989 Dinamic
• Guillermo Tell Gunstick 1989 Opera Soft
• Mike Gunner Gunstick 1988 Dinamic
• Solo Gunstick 1989 Opera Soft
• Space Smugglers Gunstick 1989 MHT Ingenieros
• Target Plus Gunstick 1988 Dinamic
• Trigger Gunstick 1989 Opera Soft

Magnum CPC games:

• Bullseye Magnum 19?? Macsen
• Missile Ground Zero Magnum 1989 Mastertronic
• Operation Wolf Magnum 1989 Ocean
• Robot Attack Magnum 1990 Mastertronic
• Rookie Magnum 1989 Mastertronic
• Solar Invasion Magnum 1990 Mastertronic

Trojan (CPC Plus) games:

• Skeet Shoot Trojan 199? Trojan
• Enforcer, The Trojan 199? Trojan

Westphaser (CPC) games:

• Crazy Shot Westphaser
• Steve McQueen Westphaser 1992 Loriciel
• West Phaser Westphaser 1989 Loriciel

Unconfirmed CPC games:

• American Turbo King Magnum? 1989 Mastertronic
• Billy The Kid Magnum? 1990 Mastertronic
• Bronx Street Cop Magnum? 1989 Mastertronic
• F-16 Fighting Falcon Magnum? 1989 Mastertronic
• Jungle Warfare Magnum? 1989 Mastertronic

APF TV FUN[edit]

Arcade[edit]

• 2 SPICY (Sega, 2007)
• Area 51 (Atari, 1995)

• Maximum Force (Atari Games, 1997)
• Area 51/Maximum Force Duo (Atari Games, 1998)
• Area 51: Site 4 (Atari Games, 1998)

• Balloon Gun (Sega, 1975)

• Bullet Mark (Sega, 1975)

• Bang! (Gaelco, 1998)
• Beast Busters (SNK, 1989)
  • Beast Busters: Second Nightmare (SNK, 1999)
• Big Buck Hunter (Incredible Technologies, Inc., 2000)

• Big Buck Hunter Shooter's Challenge (Incredible Technologies, 2002)
• Big Buck Hunter II Sportsman's Paradise (Incredible Technologies, 2003)
• Big Buck Hunter 2006 Call Of The Wild (Incredible Technologies, 2005)
• Big Buck Hunter Pro (Raw Thrills, Inc., 2006)
• Big Buck Safari (Raw Thrils, Inc., 2008)
• Big Buck Hunter Pro Open Season (Raw Thrills, Inc., 2009)
• Big Buck World (Raw Thrills, Inc., 2010)

• Bronx (bootleg, 1986)
• CarnEvil (Midway, 1998)
• Cheyenne (Exidy, 1984)
• Chiller (Exidy, 1986)
• Clay Pigeon (Exidy, 1986)
• Confidential Mission (Sega of America, Inc., 2000)
• Crossbow (Exidy, 1983)
• Crypt Killer (Konami, 1995)
• Cycle Shooting (Taito, 1986)
• Desert Gun (Midway, 1977)
• Duck Hunt (Nintendo, 1984)

• Vs. Duck Hunt (Nintendo Vs. System, 1984)

• Egg Venture (The Game Room and Innovative Concepts in Entertainment, 1997)
• Evil Night / Hell Night (Konami, 1998)
• Friction (Friction Game Studios, 2011)
• Ghost Squad (Sega, 2004)

• Ghost Squad Evolution (Sega, 2007)

• Golden Gun (Sega Shanghai Software, 2010)
• Gunblade NY (Sega, 1996)
• Gunslinger Stratos (Square Enix, 2012)

• Gunslinger Stratos 2 (Square Enix, 2014)

• Happy Hunter (Limenko, 2001)
• Hogan's Alley (Nintendo, 1984)

• Vs. Hogan's Alley (Nintendo Vs. System, 1984)

• Invasion: The Abductors (Midway, 1999)
• Johnny Nero: Action Hero (Innovative Concepts in Entertainment, 2004)
• Jurassic Park III (Konami, 2001)
• Jurassic Park Arcade (Raw Thrills, 2015)
• Killer Shark (Sega, 1972)

• Sea Devil (Sega, 1972)
• Battle Shark (Nintendo, 1977)

• Lethal Enforcers (Konami, 1992)

• Lethal Enforcers II: Gunfighters (Konami, 1994)
• Lethal Enforcers 3 (Konami, 2005)

• Let's Go Jungle!: Lost on the Island of Spice (Sega, 2006)
• Ninja Assault (Namco, 2000)
• Mad Dog McCree (American Laser Games)

• Mad Dog II: The Lost Gold (American Laser Games)

• Panic Museum / Haunted Museum (Taito, 2010)
• Panic Museum 2 / Shh..! Welcome to Frightfearland / Haunted Museum II: Youkoso Gen'ei Yuuenchi he (Taito, 2011)
• Point Blank (arcade game) (Namco, 1994)

• Point Blank 2 (arcade game) (Namco, 1999)
• Point Blank 3 (arcade game) (Namco, 2000)

• Police 911 (Konami, 2001)

• Police 24/7 (Konami, 2001)
• Police 911 2 (Konami, 2001)

• Police Trainer (P&P Marketing, 1997)

• Police Trainer 2 (Team Play Inc.)

• Rambo (Sega, 2008)
• Sharpshooter (P&P Marketing, 1998)
• Shoot Away (Namco, 1984)
• Shooting Gallery (Seatongrove Ltd (Zaccaria license), 1984)
• Shootout at Old Tucson (American Laser Games, 1994)
• Shoot The Bear (Seeburg, 1949)^[1][2]
• Silent Hill: The Arcade (Konami, 2007)
• Space Gun (Taito, 1990)^[3]
• Space Pirates (American Laser Games, 1992)
• Star Trek: Voyager - The Arcade Game (Team Play, 2002)
• Target: Terror (Raw Thrills, 2004)
• Teraburst (Konami, 1999)
• Terminator Salvation (Raw Thrills, 2010)

• Aliens: Armageddon (Raw Thrills, 2014)

• The House of the Dead (Sega, 1996)

• The House of the Dead 2 (Sega, 1998)
• House of the Dead III (Sega, 2002)
• House of the Dead 4 (Sega, 2005)

• House of the Dead 4 Special (Sega, 2005)

• House of the Dead: Scarlet Dawn (Sega, 2018)

• The Last Bounty Hunter (American Laser Games, 1994)
• The Lost World: Jurassic Park (arcade game) (Sega, 1997)
• The Maze of the Kings (Sega, 2002)
• The Ocean Hunter (Sega, 1998)
• Time Crisis (Namco, 1995)

• Time Crisis II (Namco, 1997)
• Crisis Zone (Namco, 1999)
• Time Crisis 3 (Namco, 2002)
• Time Crisis 4 (Namco, 2006)
• Razing Storm (Namco, 2009)
• Time Crisis 5 (Namco, 2015)

• Total Vice (Konami, 1997)^[4]
• Triple Hunt (Atari, 1977)
• Trophy Hunting: Bear & Moose (Sammy USA, 2003)
• Turkey Hunting USA (American Sammy Corporation, 2001)
• Turkey Shoot (Williams, 1984)
• Under Fire (Taito, 1993)
• Vampire Night (Namco/Sega/Wow Entertainment, 2000)
• Virtua Cop (Sega, 1994)

• Virtua Cop 2 (Sega, 1995)
• Virtua Cop: Elite Edition (Sega, 2002)
• Virtua Cop 3 (Sega, 2003)

• Who Shot Johnny Rock? (American Laser Games, 1991)
• Wild Gunman (Nintendo, 1984)
• World Combat (Konami, 2003)
• Zero Point (Unico, 1998)
• Zero Point 2 (Unico, 1999)
• Zombie Raid (American Sammy, 1995)

Atari[edit]

Atari 2600[edit]

• Shooting Arcade (unreleased)
• Bobby needs Food (homebrew)

Atari 7800[edit]

Atari 8-bit family[edit]

Binatone TV MASTER[edit]

Commodore 64[edit]

• Blaze-Out (compilation of: RoboCop, Combat School, Hyper Sports, Platoon, Rambo III for use with a light gun)

Magnavox Odyssey[edit]

• Shootout (game card #9)
• Dogfight (game card #9)
• Prehistoric Safari (game card #9)
• Shooting Gallery (game card #10)

Microsoft[edit]

PC[edit]

• Crime Patrol^[5]

• Crime Patrol 2: Drug Wars^[6]

• Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas (some of the levels are in the rail shooter format)
• Fast Draw Showdown^[7]

• The Typing of the Dead: Overkill (includes The House of the Dead: Overkill)

• The Last Bounty Hunter^[8]
• Mad Dog McCree^[9]

• Mad Dog II: The Lost Gold^[10]

• Space Pirates^[11]

• Who Shot Johnny Rock?^[5]

Xbox[edit]

• The House of the Dead III (also contains an unlockable port of The House of the Dead II^[12])
• Silent Scope Complete (contains three games^[13])

Xbox 360[edit]

• MIB: Alien Crisis^[14]

Nintendo[edit]

Nintendo Entertainment System[edit]

• Laser Invasion (contains light-gun segment)
• Space Shadow(uses its own light gun; the Hyper Shot Light Gun)^[15]
• Supergun 3-in-1
• The Adventures of Bayou Billy (contains light-gun sequences)
• The Lone Ranger (contains light-gun sequences)
• Track & Field II (Bonus Game: Gun Firing)

Super Nintendo Entertainment System[edit]

• Bazooka Blitzkrieg
• The Hunt for Red October (gun is used for bonus games)
• Lamborghini American Challenge (it accesses a different game mode from the normal one)
• Lethal Enforcers (used its own gun: Konami Justifier)
• Metal Combat: Falcon's Revenge - aka Battle Clash 2
• Super Scope 6 cart (bundled with the gun and features six games, under Lazer Blazer and Blastris categories)

Wii[edit]

The Wii is unique in that its standard controller can be used as a gun controller. Though a number of Wii games do not support these capabilities, those which do form an exhaustively long list of games, many of which have no resemblance to traditional light gun games. Thus, this section will only include games that either explicitly support the Wii Zapper or are rail shooters in nature. Virtual Console ports, such as Operation Wolf,^[16] have thus far not included any amount of light gun support.

Wii Zapper Games

• Attack Of The Movies 3D (light gun game^[17])
• Chicken Blaster (light gun game^[18])
• Chicken Riot (light gun game^[19])
• Chicken Shoot (light gun game^[20])
• Cocoto Magic Circus (light gun game^[21])
• Dead Space: Extraction (light gun game^[22])
• Dino Strike (light gun game)^[23]
• Fast Draw Showdown (light gun game)^[24]
• Ghost Squad (2007) (light gun game)^[25][26]
• Gunblade NY and LA Machineguns Arcade Hits Pack (2 light gun games^[27])
• Gunslingers (aka Western Heroes) (light gun game^[28])
• Heavy Fire: Special Operations (WiiWare) (2010)
• Heavy Fire: Afghanistan (2011)
• Heavy Fire: Black Arms (WiiWare) (2012)
• The House of the Dead 2 & 3 Return^[29](2 light gun games^[30])
• The House of the Dead: Overkill (light gun game^[30])
• Link's Crossbow Training (bundled with Wii Zapper^[31])
• Mad Dog McCree: Gunslinger Pack (3 light gun games^[32])
• Martian Panic (light gun game^[33])
• Metroid Prime: Trilogy (requires the Cobalt Flux Dark Ops Wii gun shell peripheral for easy access of buttons and movement on the Wii's motion controls. Incompatible with the Wii Zapper due to required buttons and movement being inaccessible to the player's hands.)
• MIB: Alien Crisis^[14]
• Nerf N-Strike (light gun game^[34])^[35]
• Pirate Blast(light gun game^[36])
• Resident Evil 4 (Wii Edition)
• Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles (light gun game^[37])
• Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles (light gun game^[38])
• Target: Terror (April 22, 2008) (light gun game^[39][40])
• Wild West Guns (August 4, 2008) (light gun game^[41])
• Wild West Shootout (light gun game^[42])
• Zombie Panic in Wonderland (WiiWare)

Party Games with rail shooter/shooting gallery sections

Royal Philips Electronics N.V.[edit]

CD-i[edit]

• Drug Wars^[43]

Sega[edit]

Sega Master System[edit]

Sega Genesis, Sega CD and Sega CD 32X[edit]

• Corpse Killer (CD)
• Crime Patrol (CD)
• Lethal Enforcers (CD)
• Lethal Enforcers 2 (CD)
• Mad Dog McCree (CD)
• Mad Dog II: The Lost Gold (CD)
• Snatcher (CD) (contains light-gun sequences^{[citation needed]})
• Who Shot Johnny Rock (CD)

Unreleased Sega Genesis, Sega CD and Sega CD 32X light-gun games:

• Crime Patrol 2: Drug Wars (CD)^[44]
• Die Hard Trilogy (Genesis and 32X)
• Monster Hunter^[45]
• Revolution X (32X)
• Space Pirates (CD)

Sega Saturn[edit]

• Area 51^[46]
• Chaos Control Remix^[46] (released in PAL regions under the title Chaos Control, causing it to be sometimes confused with the original)
• Crypt Killer^[46]
• Death Crimson
• Die Hard Trilogy^[46]
• Mighty Hits^[46]
• Mechanical Violator Hakaider
• Policenauts (contains light-gun sequences)
• Virtua Cop^[46]
• Virtua Cop 2^[46]

Classic Arcade Shooting Games

Dreamcast[edit]

• Death Crimson 2
• Demolition Racer - No Exit (Unlockable in the mini game 'Big Car Hunter', one of the only 2 American released games which worked with the official Sega light gun, released only in Asia and Europe)
• Sega Smash Pack (contains Virtua Cop 2)
• Silent Scope (game has no native light gun support, Bio Gun light gun has 'Silent Scope' mode that allows use of d-pad on the gun as well as the trigger for firing,^[47] although the gun itself could not be used to move the crosshairs)
• Virtua Cop 2 (Japan only)

List of cancelled Dreamcast gun games:

• The House of the Dead 3^[48]
• The Lost World: Jurassic Park (arcade game)^[49]

Sinclair[edit]

ZX Spectrum[edit]

Magnum Light Phaser games came with the gun:

• Bullseye - Magnum 1987 Macsen Software
• Missile Ground Zero - Magnum 1989 Mastertronic
• Operation Wolf - Magnum 1989 Ocean
• Robot Attack - Magnum 1990 Mastertronic
• Rookie - Magnum 1989 Mastertronic
• Solar Invasion - Magnum 1990 Mastertronic

The following games worked with the Magnum Light Phaser, but were brought out by third parties. Some were remakes of the Cheetah Defender Light gun games by Code Masters Ltd.

• Billy the Kid - (remake) - Virgin Mastertronic Ltd (UK)
• Bronx Street Cop - (remake) - Virgin Mastertronic Ltd (UK)
• F-16 Fighting Falcon - (remake) - Virgin Mastertronic Ltd (UK)
• Industria 14 - Mastertronic Ltd
• Jungle Warfare - (remake) - Virgin Mastertronic Ltd (UK)
• Living Daylights - The Computer Game, The - Domark Ltd
• Lord Bromley's Estate - Amstrad
• Make My Day - Mastertronic Ltd
• Q's Armoury - Amstrad
• American Turbo King - (A remake of Super Car Trans Am) - Virgin Mastertronic Ltd (UK)

Cheetah Defender Light gun games all by Code Masters Ltd:

• Advanced Pinball Simulator
• Billy The Kid
• Bronx Street Cop
• F-16 Fighting Falcon
• Jungle Warfare
• Supercar Trans-am (Super Car Trans Am)

It should also be noted that both versions of the light guns that were meant for the 128K+ or up, worked with almost all the games available.

Sony[edit]

Sony PlayStation[edit]

The PlayStation has two main types of light guns: the GunCon/G-Con by Namco and the Konami Justifier (known as the Hyperblaster in Japan and Europe). There were also other third-party and non-licensed light guns that were compatible with either: Justifier or GunCon games or both.

• Area 51 (Justifier/Hyperblaster)
• Crypt Killer (Justifier/Hyperblaster)
• Die Hard Trilogy (Justifier/Hyperblaster)
• Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas (Justifier/Hyperblaster or Guncon)
• Elemental Gearbolt (Justifier/Hyperblaster or GunCon)
• Extreme Ghostbusters: Ultimate Invasion (GunCon)^[50]
• Ghoul Panic (Released as 'Oh! Bakyuuun' in Japan, uses GunCon)^[51]
• Gunfighter: The Legend of Jesse James (GunCon)
• Guntu Western Front June, 1944 (JPN only, GunCon)^[52]
• Judge Dredd (Justifier/Hyperblaster or GunCon)^[53]
• Lethal Enforcers 1&2 (Justifier/Hyperblaster)
• Maximum Force (Justifier/Hyperblaster or GunCon)^[54]
• Mighty Hits Special (EU/JPN only, Justifier/Hyperblaster)^[55]
• Point Blank (GunCon)
• Point Blank 2 (GunCon)
• Point Blank 3 (GunCon)
• Project Horned Owl (Justifier/Hyperblaster)^[56]
• Rescue Shot (GunCon)
• Resident Evil Survivor (JPN/PAL versions) (GunCon)
• Silent Hill (Justifier/Hyperblaster, used for an easter egg)
• Simple 1500 Series Vol.024 - The Gun Shooting (JPN only, GunCon)
• Simple 1500 Series Vol.063 - The Gun Shooting 2 (JPN only, GunCon)
• Snatcher (JPN only, Justifier/Hyperblaster, contains light-gun sequences)
• Star Wars: Rebel Assault II (compatible with the Justifier/Hyperblaster, which is used for certain shooting sequences)
• Time Crisis (GunCon)
• Time Crisis: Project Titan (GunCon)

Sony PlayStation 2[edit]

• Cocoto Funfair (EU only, GunCon 1 only)
• Death Crimson OX+ (JP) aka Guncom 2 (EU)
• Dino Stalker (EU/NA) aka Gun Survivor 3: Dino Crisis (JP)^[57] (differs from conventional light-gun games in that the player has freedom of movement)
• Endgame^[58]
• Gunfighter II: Revenge of Jesse James (EU only)
• Gunvari Collection + Time Crisis (JP only)
• Ninja Assault^[59]
• Police 24/7 (Norgun) * Also can use a USB Camera (EU/JP Only)
• Resident Evil: Dead Aim (EU/NA) aka Gun Survivor 4 Biohazard Heroes Never Die (JP)^[60] (contains light-gun sequences)
• Resident Evil Survivor 2 Code: Veronica (EU) aka Gun Survivor 2 Biohazard Code: Veronica (JP)
• Time Crisis: Crisis Zone^[61]
• Time Crisis II^[62]
• Time Crisis 3^[63]
• Vampire Night^[64]
• Virtua Cop: Elite Edition (EU/AUS^[65]) aka Virtua Cop Re-Birth (JP)

Sony PlayStation 3[edit]

The Playstation 3 has two dedicated gun peripherals: the GunCon 3 by Namco and the Top Shot Elite by RedOctane. The PlayStation Move can also function as a gun controller. To qualify, games using the Move have to either support the 'Move Sharp Shooter' peripheral or be rail shooter in nature.

• BioShock Infinite (PSMove)
• Cabela's African Adventures (Top Shot Elite)
• Cabela's Big Game Hunter 2012 (Top Shot Elite)
• Cabela's Dangerous Hunts 2011 (Top Shot Elite)
• Cabela's Dangerous Hunts 2013 (Top Shot Elite)
• Cabela's Hunting Expeditions (Top Shot Elite)
• Cabela's North American Adventures (Top Shot Elite)
• Cabela's Survival: Shadows of Katmai (Top Shot Elite)
• Child of Eden (PSMove)
• Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (PSMove)
• Dead Space Extraction HD (PSMove, light gun game^[66])
• Deadstorm Pirates (GunCon 3 or PSMove, light gun game^[67])
• Dust 514 (PSMove)
• Fast Draw Showdown (PSMove, light gun game^[68])
• Gal*Gun (PSMove)
• GoldenEye 007: Reloaded (PSMove)
• Heavy Fire: Afghanistan (PSMove, light gun game^[69])
• The House of the Dead 3 (PSMove, light gun game^[70])
• The House of the Dead 4 (PSMove, light gun game^[71])
• The House of the Dead: Overkill - Extended Cut (PSMove, light gun game^[72])
• Killzone 3 (PSMove)
• Mad Dog McCree (PSMove, light gun game^[73])
• Mad Dog II: The Lost Gold (PSMove, light gun game^[74])
• MAG (PSMove)
• MIB: Alien Crisis (Top Shot Elite)^[14]
• Modern Combat: Domination (PSMove)
• PlayStation Move Ape Escape (PSMove)
• Resident Evil: Chronicles HD Collection (PSMove, 2 light gun games^[66])
• Resistance 3 (PSMove)
• The Shoot (PSMove, light gun game^[75])
• SOCOM 4 (PSMove)
• The Last Bounty Hunter(PSMove, light gun game^[76])
• Time Crisis 4 (GunCon 3, light gun game^[77])
• Time Crisis: Razing Storm (GunCon 3 or PSMove, light gun game^[67])
• Wicked Monsters Blast! (PSMove)

Tiger Laser Games[edit]

• Independence Day
• Star Wars Rebel Forces^[78]

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55. ^'Mighty Hits Special (Game)'.
56. ^'Project: Horned Owl'.
57. ^'Dino Stalker Reviews'. Gamerankings.com. 2002-09-09. Retrieved 2012-05-03.
58. ^'Endgame Reviews'. Gamerankings.com. 2002-06-03. Retrieved 2012-05-03.
59. ^'Ninja Assault Reviews'. Gamerankings.com. 2002-11-18. Retrieved 2012-05-03.
60. ^'Resident Evil Dead Aim Reviews'. Gamerankings.com. 2003-06-18. Retrieved 2012-05-03.
61. ^'Time Crisis: Crisis Zone Reviews'. Gamerankings.com. 2004-10-19. Retrieved 2012-05-03.
62. ^'Time Crisis II Reviews'. Gamerankings.com. 2001-10-01. Retrieved 2012-05-03.
63. ^Time Crisis 3 Reviews
64. ^Vampire Night Reviews
65. ^'Robber on the run'. 2003-01-29.
66. ^ ^ab'Top five of the best PlayStation Move compatible light gun games for PS3'. 2015-03-07.
67. ^ ^ab'Time Crisis: Razing Storm Review'.
68. ^http://www.gamespot.com/genre/Light-Gun/ps3/t
69. ^http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-3/heavy-fire-afghanistan
70. ^'House of the Dead III Review'.
71. ^'The House of the Dead 4'.
72. ^'The House of the Dead: Overkill – Extended Cut review – Wii shoot'. 2011-10-27.
73. ^'Review: Mad Dog McCree PSNStores'.
74. ^'Mad Dog II: The Lost Gold'.
75. ^'Best PlayStation 3 Light-Gun Games'.
76. ^'The Last Bounty Hunter (Game)'.
77. ^'Time Crisis 4 Review'.
78. ^Wells, Stuart W. (2011). Universe of Star Wars Collectibles: Identification and Price Guide, 2nd Edition. F+W Media. p. 181. ISBN9781440228155.

External links[edit]

The golden age of arcade video games was the era when arcade video games entered pop culture and became a dominant cultural force. The exact time period is disputed, but key moments include the release of Space Invaders in 1978 and the vector-basedAsteroids in 1979—moments made possible by the increase in power and decrease in cost of computing technology. This led to the rise of both video game arcades and video games in other media, such as songs, cartoons, and movies like 1982's TRON. Other iconic games from this era include Pac-Man, Defender, Galaga, Donkey Kong, and Centipede.

Relevant time period[edit]

Although the exact years differ, all timelines overlap in the early 1980s. Technology journalist Jason Whittaker, in The Cyberspace Handbook, places the beginning of the golden age in 1978, with the release of Space Invaders.^[1] Video game journalist Steven L. Kent, in his book The Ultimate History of Video Games, places it at 1979 to 1983.^[2] The book pointed out that 1979 was the year that Space Invaders^[3] – which he credits for ushering in the golden age^[4] – was gaining considerable popularity in the United States,^[3] and the year that saw vector display technology, first seen in arcades in 1977 with Space Wars, rise to prominence via Atari's Asteroids. However, 1983 was the period that began 'a fairly steady decline' in the coin-operated video game business and when many arcades started disappearing.^[2]

The History of Computing Project places the golden age of video games between 1971 and 1983, covering the 'mainstream appearance of video games as a consumer market' and 'the rise of dedicated hardware systems and the origin of multi-game cartridge based systems'.^[5] 1971 was chosen as an earlier start date by the project for two reasons: the creator of Pong filed a pivotal patent regarding video game technology, and it was the release of the first arcade video game machine, Computer Space.^[6]

Sean Newton, 3D arcade model builder and author of the book Bits, Sticks, and Buttons states that the defining transitional point which finally ended the first era of arcade gaming (known as the 'Black and White Age') and subsequently ushered in the Golden Age was with the North American release of Midway's Space Invaders. The game brought forth with it the power of the microprocessor, as well as a cult phenomenon impact which had only been felt up to that point by Atari's Pong. Following Space Invaders, Atari's Asteroids and Namco's Pac-Man further solidified the strength of the Golden Age.^{[citation needed]}

Other opinions place this period's beginning in the late 1970s, when color arcade games became more prevalent and video arcades themselves started appearing outside of their traditional bowling alley and bar locales, through to its ending in the mid-1980s.^[7] The golden age of arcade games largely coincided with, and partly fueled, the second generation of game consoles and the microcomputer revolution.

Business[edit]

The golden age was a time of great technical and design creativity in arcade games. The era saw the rapid spread of video arcades across North America, Europe, and Asia. The number of video game arcades in North America, for example, more than doubled between 1980 and 1982;^[8] reaching a peak of 10,000 video game arcades across the region (compared to 4,000 as of 1998).^[9] Beginning with Space Invaders, video arcade games also started to appear in supermarkets, restaurants, liquor stores, gas stations and many other retail establishments looking for extra income.^[10] Video game arcades at the time became as common as convenience stores, while arcade games like Pac-Man and Space Invaders would appear in most locations across the United States, including even funeral homes.^[11] The sales of arcade video game machines increased significantly during this period, from $50 million in 1978 to $900 million in 1981,^[8] with 500,000 arcade machines sold in the United States at prices ranging as high as $3000 in 1982 alone.^[12] By 1982, there were 24,000 full arcades, 400,000 arcade street locations and 1.5 million arcade machines active in North America.^[13] The market was very competitive; the average life span of an arcade game was four to six months. Some games like Robby Roto failed because they were too complex to learn quickly, and others like Star Fire because they were too unfamiliar to the audience. Qix was briefly very popular but, Taito's Keith Egging later said, 'too mystifying for gamers .. impossible to master and when the novelty wore off, the game faded'.^[14] At around this time, the home video game industry (second-generationvideo game consoles and early home computer games) emerged as 'an outgrowth of the widespread success of video arcades' at the time.^[15]

In 1980, the U.S. arcade video game industry's revenue generated from quarters tripled to $2.8 billion.^[16] By 1981, the arcade video game industry in the United States was generating an annual revenue of over $5 billion^[1][17] with some estimates as high as $10.5 billion for all video games (arcade and home) in the U.S. that year, which would be three times the amount spent on movie tickets in 1981.^[18] The total revenue for the U.S. arcade video game industry in 1981 was estimated at more than $7 billion^[19] though some analysts estimated the real amount may have been much higher.^[19] By 1982, video games accounted for 87% of the $8.9 billion in commercial games sales in the United States.^[20] In 1982, the arcade video game industry's revenue in quarters was estimated at $8 billion^[21] surpassing the annual gross revenue of both pop music ($4 billion) and Hollywood films ($3 billion) combined that year.^[21][22] It also exceeded the revenues of all major sports combined at the time,^[22] earning three times the combined ticket and television revenues of Major League Baseball, basketball, and American football, as well as earning twice as much as all the casinos in Nevada combined.^[23] This was also more than twice as much revenue as the $3.8 billion generated by the home video game industry (during the second generation of consoles) that same year;^[21] both the arcade and home markets combined added up to a total revenue between $11.8 billion and $12.8 billion for the U.S. video game industry in 1982. In comparison, the U.S. video game industry in 2011 generated total revenues between $16.3 billion and $16.6 billion.^[24]

Prior to the golden age, pinball machines were more popular than video games. The pinball industry reached a peak of 200,000 machine sales and $2.3 billion revenue in 1979, which had declined to 33,000 machines and $464 million in 1982.^[20] In comparison, the best-selling arcade games of the golden age, Space Invaders and Pac-Man, had each sold over 360,000^[25] and 400,000^[26] cabinets, respectively, with each machine costing between $2000 and $3000 (specifically $2400 in Pac-Man's case).^[27] In addition, Space Invaders had grossed $2 billion in quarters by 1982,^[22] while Pac-Man had grossed over $1 billion by 1981^[28] and $2.5 billion by the late 1990s.^[29][30] In 1982, Space Invaders was considered the highest-grossing entertainment product of its time, with comparisons made to the then highest-grossing filmStar Wars,^[22][31] which had grossed $486 million,^[31] while Pac-Man is today considered the highest-grossing arcade game of all time.^[32] Many other arcade games during the golden age also had hardware unit sales at least in the tens of thousands, including Ms. Pac-Man with over 115,000 units, Asteroids with 70,000,^[11]Donkey Kong with over 60,000,^[33]Defender with 55,000,^[34]Galaxian with 40,000,^[35]Donkey Kong Junior with 35,000,^[33]Mr. Do! with 30,000,^[36]and Tempest with 29,000 units.^[37] A number of arcade games also generated revenues (from quarters) in the hundreds of millions, including Defender with more than $100 million^[17] in addition to many more with revenues in the tens of millions, including Dragon's Lair with $48 million and Space Ace with $13 million.^[38]

The most successful arcade game companies of this era included Taito (which ushered in the golden age with the shooter gameSpace Invaders^[4] and produced other successful arcade action games such as Gun Fight and Jungle King), Namco (the Japanese company that created Galaxian, Pac-Man, Pole Position and Dig Dug) and Atari (the company that introduced video games into arcades with Computer Space and Pong, and later produced Asteroids). Other companies such as Sega (who later entered the home console market against its former arch rival, Nintendo), Nintendo (whose mascot, Mario, was introduced in 1981's Donkey Kong as 'Jumpman'), Bally Midway Manufacturing Company (which was later purchased by Williams), Cinematronics, Konami, Centuri, Williams and SNK also gained popularity around this era.

Technology[edit]

Arcades catering to video games began to gain momentum in the late 1970s with games such as Space Invaders (1978), Asteroids (1979), and Galaxian (1979), and became widespread in 1980 with Pac-Man, Missile Command, Berzerk, Defender, and others. The central processing unit in these games allowed for more complexity than earlier discrete circuitry games such as Atari's Pong (1972). The arcade boom that began in the late 1970s is credited with establishing the basic techniques of interactive entertainment and for driving down hardware prices to the extent of allowing the PC to become a technological and economic reality.^[39]

While color monitors had been used by several racing video games before (such as Indy 800^[40] and Speed Race Twin^[41]), it was during this period that RGB color graphics became widespread, following the release of Galaxian in 1979.^[42]

The Golden Age also saw developers experimenting with vector displays, which produced crisp lines that couldn't be duplicated by raster displays. A few of these vector games became great hits, such as 1979's Asteroids, 1980's Battlezone and Tempest and 1983's Star Wars from Atari. However, vector technology fell out of favor with arcade game companies due to the high cost of repairing vector displays.^{[citation needed]}

Several developers at the time were also experimenting with pseudo-3D and stereoscopic 3D using 2D sprites on raster displays. In 1979, Nintendo's Radar Scope introduced a three-dimensional third-person perspective to the shoot 'em up genre, later imitated by shooters such as Konami's Juno First and Activision's Beamrider in 1983.^[43] In 1981, Sega's Turbo was the first racing game to feature a third-person rear view format,^[44] and use sprite scaling with full-colour graphics.^[45] Namco's Pole Position featured an improved rear-view racer format in 1982 that would remain the standard for the genre; the game provided a perspective view of the track, with its vanishing point swaying side to side as the player approaches corners, accurately simulating forward movement into the distance.^[46] That same year, Sega released Zaxxon, which introduced the use of isometric graphics and shadows;^[47] and SubRoc-3D, which introduced the use of stereoscopic 3D through a special eyepiece;^[48]

Head into Device Manager and check to see if the bluetooth drivers are installed. I'm guessing you are using Windows 7, so go to the stat menu, right-click 'Computer' and press 'Manage'. There is no Bluetooth icon on any function key, and I have tried switching the what I assume to be the wireless switch (the switch which controls wireless Internet, on the right side of the laptop) to on and off positions to no avail.What is the problem? Dell latitude 7480 sound driver download. This will open the Computer Management window, from here click Device Manager on the left coloumn. There should be a Bluetooth Radios drop down menu.If that is there and there are no question marks next to the items, it means the bluetooth drivers are installed and it should be working.

This period also saw significant advances in digital audio technology. Space Invaders in 1978 was the first game to use a continuous background soundtrack, with four simple chromatic descending bass notes repeating in a loop, though it was dynamic and changed tempo during stages.^[49]Rally-X in 1980 was the first game to feature continuous background music,^[50] which was generated using a dedicated sound chip, a Namco 3-channel PSG.^[51] That same year saw the introduction of speech synthesis, which was first used in Stratovox, released by Sun Electronics in 1980,^[50] followed soon after by Namco's King & Balloon.

Developers also experimented with laserdisc players for delivering full motion video based games with movie-quality animation. The first laserdisc video game to exploit this technology was 1983's Astron Belt from Sega,^[52][53] soon followed by Dragon's Lair from Cinematronics; the latter was a sensation when it was released (and, in fact, the laserdisc players in many machines broke due to overuse). While laserdisc games were usually either shooter games with full-motion video backdrops like Astron Belt or interactive movies like Dragon's Lair, Data East's 1983 game Bega's Battle introduced a new form of video game storytelling: using brief full-motion video cutscenes to develop a story between the game's shooting stages, which would years later become the standard approach to video game storytelling. By the mid-1980s, the genre dwindled in popularity, as laserdiscs were losing out to the VHS format and the laserdisc games themselves were losing their novelty.^[54]

Gameplay[edit]

With the enormous success of the early games, dozens of developers jumped into the development and manufacturing of video arcade games. Some simply copied the 'invading alien hordes' idea of Space Invaders and turned out successful imitators like Namco's Galaxian,Galaga, and Gaplus, though they took the shoot 'em up genre further with new gameplay mechanics, more complex enemy patterns, and richer graphics.^[55][56]Galaxian introduced a 'risk-reward' concept,^[57] while Galaga was one of the first games with a bonus stage.^[58] Sega's 1980 release Space Tactics was an early first-personspace combat game with multi-directional scrolling as the player moved the cross-hairs on the screen.^[59]

Others tried new concepts and defined new genres. Rapidly evolving hardware allowed new kinds of games which allowed for different styles of gameplay. In 1980, Namco released Pac-Man, which popularized the maze chase genre, and Rally-X, which featured a radar tracking the player position on the map.^[51] Games such as the pioneering 1981 games Donkey Kong and Qix in 1981 introduced new types of games where skill and timing are more important than shooting as fast as possible, with Nintendo's Donkey Kong in particular setting the template for the platform game genre.^[60] Namco's Bosconian in 1981 introduced a free-roamingstyle of gameplay where the player's ship freely moves across open space, while also including a radar tracking player & enemy positions.^[61]Bega's Battle in 1983 introduced a new form of video game storytelling: using brief full-motion videocutscenes to develop a story between the game's shooting stages.^[54] Other examples of innovative games are Atari Games' Paperboy in 1984 where the goal is to successfully deliver newspapers to customers, and Namco's Phozon where the object is to duplicate a shape shown in the middle of the screen. The theme of Exidy's Venture is dungeon exploration and treasure-gathering. One innovative game, Q*Bert, played upon the user's sense of depth perception to deliver a novel experience.

Popular culture[edit]

Some games of this era were so popular that they entered popular culture. The first to do so was Space Invaders. The game was so popular upon its release in 1978 that an urban legend blamed it for a national shortage of 100 yen coinsin Japan, leading to a production increase of coins to meet demand for the game^[62][63] (although 100 yen coin production was lower in 1978 and 1979 than in previous or subsequent years,^[64][65] and the claim does not withstand logical scrutiny: arcade operators would have emptied out their machines and taken the money to the bank, thus keeping the coins in circulation).^[65] It would soon have a similar impact in North America, where it has appeared or is referenced in numerous facets of popular culture. Soon after the release of Space Invaders, hundreds of favourable articles and stories about the emerging video game medium aired on television and were printed in newspapers and magazines. The Space Invaders Tournament held by Atari in 1980 was the first video game competition and attracted more than 10,000 participants, establishing video gaming as a mainstream hobby.^[66] By 1980, 86% of the 13–20 population in the United States had played arcade video games,^[67] and by 1981, there were more than 35 million gamers visiting video game arcades in the United States.^[68]

The game that most affected popular culture in North America was Pac-Man. Its release in 1980 caused such a sensation that it initiated what is now referred to as 'Pac-Mania' (which later became the title of the last coin-operated game in the series, released in 1987). Released by Namco, the game featured a yellow, circle-shaped creature trying to eat dots through a maze while avoiding pursuing enemies. Though no one could agree what the 'hero' or enemies represented (they were variously referred to as ghosts, goblins or monsters), the game was extremely popular. The game spawned an animated television series, numerous clones, Pac-Man-branded foods, toys, and a hit pop song, 'Pac-Man Fever'. The game's popularity was such that President Ronald Reagan congratulated a player for setting a record score in Pac-Man.^[69]Pac-Man was also responsible for expanding the arcade game market to involve large numbers of female audiences across all age groups.^[70] Though many popular games quickly entered the lexicon of popular culture, most have since left, and Pac-Man is unusual in remaining a recognized term in popular culture, along with Space Invaders, Donkey Kong, Mario and Q*bert.

In 1983, an animated television series produced for Saturday mornings called Saturday Supercade featured video game characters from the era, such as Frogger, Donkey Kong, Q*bert, Donkey Kong Jr., Kangaroo, Space Ace, and Pitfall Harry.

Arcade games at the time affected on the music industry, revenues for which had declined by $400 million between 1978 and 1981 (from $4.1 billion to $3.7 billion), a decrease that was directly credited to the rise of arcade games at the time.^[71] Successful songs based on video games also began appearing. The pioneering electronic music band Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO) sampledSpace Invaders sounds in their 1978 self-titled album and the hit single 'Computer Game' from the same album,^[72] the latter selling over 400,000 copies in the United States.^[73] In turn, YMO would have a major influence on much of the video game music produced during the 8-bit and 16-bit eras.^[74] Other pop songs based on Space Invaders soon followed, including 'Disco Space Invaders' (1979) by Funny Stuff,^[72] 'Space Invaders' (1980) by Player One (known as Playback in the US),^[75] and the hit songs 'Space Invader' (1980) by The Pretenders^[72] and 'Space Invaders' (1980) by Uncle Vic.^[76] The game was also the basis for Player One's 'Space Invaders' (1979), which in turn provided the bassline for Jesse Saunders' 'On and On' (1984),^[77][78] the first Chicagohouse music track.^[79] The song 'Pac-Man Fever' reached No. 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 and sold over a million singles in 1982,^[80] while the album Pac-Man Fever sold over a million records, with both receiving Gold certifications.^[81] That same year, R. Cade and the Video Victims also produced an arcade-inspired album, Get Victimized, featuring songs such as 'Donkey Kong'.^[82] In 1984, former YMO member Haruomi Hosono produced an album entirely from Namco arcade game samples entitled Video Game Music, an early example of a chiptune record^[83] and the first video game music album.^[84] Arcade game sounds also had a strong influence on the hip hop,^[85]pop music (particularly synthpop)^[86] and electro music genres during the early 1980s.^[87] The booming success of video games at the time led to music magazine Billboard listing the 15 top-selling video games alongside their record charts by 1982.^[15] More than a decade later, the first electroclash record, I-F's 'Space Invaders Are Smoking Grass' (1997), has been described as 'burbling electro in a vocodered homage to Atari-era hi-jinks',^[88] particularly Space Invaders which it was named after.^[89]

Arcade games also influenced the film industry; beginning with Space Invaders, arcade games began appearing at many movie theaters,^[11] while early films based on video games were also produced, most notably Tron, which grossed over $33 million in 1982^[90] which began the Tron franchise which included a video game adaptation that grossed more than the film.^[91] Other films based on video games included the 1983 films WarGames (where Matthew Broderick plays Galaga at an arcade),^[92]Nightmares, and Joysticks, the 1984 films The Last Starfighter, as well as Cloak & Dagger (in which an Atari 5200 cartridge implausibly containing the eponymous arcade game becomes the film's MacGuffin). Arcades also appeared in many other films at the time, such as Dawn of the Dead (where they play Gun Fight and F-1) in 1978,^[93] and Midnight Madness in 1980, Take This Job and Shove It and Puberty Blues in 1981, the 1982 releases Rocky III, Fast Times At Ridgemont High, Koyaanisqatsi and The Toy, the 1983 releases Psycho II, Spring Break and Never Say Never Again, the 1984 releases Footloose, The Karate Kid (where Elisabeth Shue plays Pac-Man), The Terminator, Night of the Comet and The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension, the 1985 releases The Goonies,The Boys Next Door^[94] and Ferris Bueller's Day Off^[92] as well as the 1986 films Something Wild, The Color of Money and Psycho III (where Norman Bates stands next to a Berzerk cabinet).^[94]. Over the Top and Can't Buy Me Love showcase several arcade game cabinets as well.

In more recent years, there have been critically acclaimed documentaries based on the golden age of arcade games, such as The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters (2007) and Chasing Ghosts: Beyond the Arcade (2007). Since 2010, many arcade-related feature films have been released including Tron: Legacy (2010), Wreck It Ralph (2012), Pixels (2015) and Ready Player One (2018) which is based upon the novel by Ernest Cline and directed by Steven Spielberg. Television shows and streaming series have exhibited arcade games including The Goldbergs (2013 TV series) and the Netflix series Stranger Things (both of which feature Dragon's Lair among other games).

Strategy guides[edit]

The period saw the emergence of a gaming media, publications dedicated to video games, in the form of video game journalism and strategy guides.^[22] The enormous popularity of video arcade games led to the very first video game strategy guides;^[95] these guides (rare to find today) discussed in detail the patterns and strategies of each game, including variations, to a degree that few guides seen since can match. 'Turning the machine over'—making the score counter overflow and reset to zero—was often the final challenge of a game for those who mastered it, and the last obstacle to getting the highest score.

Some of these strategy guides sold hundreds of thousands of copies at prices ranging from $1.95 to $3.95 in 1982^[95] (equivalent to between $5.00 and $10.00 in 2019).^[96] That year, Ken Uston's Mastering Pac-Man sold 750,000 copies, reaching No. 5 on B. Dalton's mass-market bestseller list, while Bantam's How To Master the Video Games sold 600,000 copies, appearing on The New York Times mass-market paperback list.^[95] By 1983, 1.7 million copies of Mastering Pac-Man had been printed.^[97]

List of popular arcade games[edit]

The games below are some of the most popular and/or influential games of the era.^[98]

List of best-selling arcade games[edit]

For arcade games, success was usually judged by either the number of arcade hardware units sold to operators, or the amount of revenue generated, from the number of coins (such as quarters or 100 yen coins) inserted into machines,^[134] and/or the hardware sales (with arcade hardware prices often ranging from $1000 to $4000). This list only includes arcade games that have sold more than 10,000 hardware units.

• Pac-Man (400,000)^[26]
• Space Invaders (360,000)^[25]
• Donkey Kong (132,000)^[135]
• Ms. Pac-Man (115,000)^[136]
• Asteroids (100,000)^[11][137]
• Defender (60,000)^[34][138]
• Centipede (55,988)^[139]
• Galaxian (40,000 in the US)^[35]
• Donkey Kong Jr. (30,000 in the US)^[135]
• Mr. Do! (30,000 in the US)^[36]
• Tempest (29,000)^[37]
• Q*bert (25,000)^[140]
• Robotron: 2084 (23,000)^[37]
• Dig Dug (22,228 in the US)^[139]
• Pole Position (21,000 in the US)^[37]
• Popeye (20,000 in the US)^[33]
• Missile Command (20,000)^[141]
• Jungle Hunt (18,000 in the US)^[142]
• Dragon's Lair (16,000)^[143]
• Berzerk (15,780)^[144]
• Scramble (15,136 in the US)^[144]
• Battlezone (15,122)^[145]
• Stargate (15,000)^[37]
• Star Wars (12,695)^[139]
• Super Cobra (12,337 in the US)^[144]
• Space Duel (12,038)^[139]

Decline and aftermath[edit]

Retro Shooting Arcade Games

The golden age cooled around the mid-1980s as copies of popular games began to saturate the arcades. Arcade video game revenues in the United States had declined from $8 billion in 1981 and $7 billion in 1982 to $5 billion in 1983,^[146] reaching a low of $4 billion in 1986.^[147] Despite this, arcades would remain commonplace through to the early 1990s as there were still new genres being explored. In 1987, arcades experienced a short resurgence with Double Dragon, which started the golden age of beat 'em up games, a genre that would peak in popularity with Final Fight two years later.^[148] In 1988, arcade game revenues in the United States rose back up to $6.4 billion, largely due to the rising popularity of violentaction games in the beat 'em up and run and gunshootergenres.^[147] After yet another relative decline,^[148] U.S. arcade video game revenues had fallen to $2.1 billion by 1991,^[149] by which time the sales of arcade machines had declined, with 4000 unit sales being considered a hit at the time.^[150]

One of the causes of decline was new generations of personal computers and video game consoles that sapped interest from arcades. In the early 1990s, the Genesis (Mega Drive outside most of North America) and Super NES (Super Famicom in Japan) greatly improved home play and some of their technology was even integrated into a few video arcade machines.

Legacy[edit]

The Golden Age of Video Arcade Games spawned numerous cultural icons and even gave some companies their identity. Elements from games such as Space Invaders, Pac-Man, Donkey Kong, Frogger, and Centipede are still recognized in today's popular culture, and new entries in the franchises for some golden age games continued to be released decades later.

Names Of Old Arcade Shooting Games

Pac-Man and Dragon's Lair joined Pong for permanent display at the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C. for their cultural impact in the United States. No other video game has been inducted since.^[151]

See also[edit]

Old Time Shooting Games Free

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abJason Whittaker (2004), The cyberspace handbook, Routledge, p. 122, ISBN0-415-16835-X
2. ^ ^abKent, Steven L. (2001). The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon. Three Rivers Press. ISBN0-7615-3643-4.
3. ^ ^abKent, Steven L. (2001). The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon. Three Rivers Press. p. 116. ISBN0-7615-3643-4.
4. ^ ^abKent, Steven L. (2001). The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon. Three Rivers Press. p. 500. ISBN0-7615-3643-4.
5. ^'History of Computing: Videogames Index'. Thocp.net. August 11, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
6. ^'History of Computing: Video games - Golden Age'. Thocp.net. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
7. ^Day, Walter (February 8, 1998). 'Chapter 13 – The Golden Age Ends'. The Golden Age of Video Game Arcades. Twin Galaxies. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011.
8. ^ ^abMark J. P. Wolf, The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to PlayStation and Beyond, ABC-CLIO, p. 105, ISBN0-313-33868-X
9. ^Mark Stephen Pierce (Atari Games Corporation) (1998). Coin-Op: The Life (Arcade Videogames). Digital illusion: entertaining the future with high technology. ACM Press. p. 444. ISBN0-201-84780-9.
10. ^Edge Staff (August 13, 2007). 'The 30 Defining Moments in Gaming'. Edge. Future plc. Archived from the original on October 29, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2008.
11. ^ ^abcdMark J. P. Wolf (2001), The medium of the video game, University of Texas Press, p. 44, ISBN0-292-79150-X, going into virtually every location in the country [.] even a few funeral homes had video games in the basements
12. ^James A. Inciardi; Robert A. Rothman (1990), Sociology: principles and applications (2 ed.), Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, p. 540, ISBN0-15-582290-X, To cash in on the Pac-Man video mania, game developers also introduced Asteroids, Frogger, Donkey Kong, Tron, and hundreds more. By 1982, arcade games had become a multi-billion dollar industry. In that year alone, almost 500,000 machines were sold at prices ranging as high as $3000 each.
13. ^Steve L. Kent (2001), The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world, Prima, p. 152, ISBN0-7615-3643-4, retrieved March 15, 2012
14. ^Pearl, Rick (June 1983). 'Closet Classics'. Electronic Games. p. 82. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
15. ^ ^ab'Cash In On the Video Game Craze', Black Enterprise, 12 (5), pp. 41–2, December 1982, ISSN0006-4165
16. ^'Electronic Education', Electronic Education, Electronic Communications, 2 (5–8), p. 41, 1983, In 1980 alone, according to Time, $2.8 billion in quarters, triple the amount of the previous years, were fed into video games. That represents 11.2 billion games, an average of almost 50 games for every person in the US.
17. ^ ^abMark J. P. Wolf, The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to PlayStation and Beyond, ABC-CLIO, p. 103, ISBN0-313-33868-X
18. ^James W. Chesebro; Donald G. Bonsall (1989), Computer-mediated communication: human relationships in a computerized world, University of Alabama Press, p. 130, ISBN0-8173-0460-6, In 1981, $10.5 billion was spent on all features of video games, 3 times the amount spent on movie tickets that year (Surrey, 1982, p. 74).
19. ^ ^abEdward S. Roschild (June 21, 1982), 'Videodisks, microcomputers form integrated systems', InfoWorld, InfoWorld Media Group, 4 (24), p. 16, ISSN0199-6649, retrieved February 25, 2012, The figure of more than $7 billion for last year's video arcade game revenues is a conservative one. Some industry analysts estimate that the real amount spent on video games was as much as five times higher.
20. ^ ^abCitron, Alan (December 14, 1982). 'The Rise And Fall Of Pinball'. Pittsburgh Press. p. 13. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
21. ^ ^abcEverett M. Rogers; Judith K. Larsen (1984), Silicon Valley fever: growth of high-technology culture, Basic Books, p. 263, ISBN0-465-07821-4, Video game machines have an average weekly take of $109 per machine. The video arcade industry took in $8 billion in quarters in 1982, surpassing pop music (at $4 billion in sales per year) and Hollywood films ($3 billion). Those 32 billion arcade games played translate to 143 games for every man, woman, and child in America. A recent Atari survey showed that 86 percent of the US population from 13 to 20 has played some kind of video game and an estimated 8 million US homes have video games hooked up to the television set. Sales of home video games were $3.8 billion in 1982, approximately half that of video game arcades.
22. ^ ^abcde'Making millions, 25 cents at a time'. The Fifth Estate. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. November 23, 1982.
23. ^'Games That Play People'. Time. January 18, 1982. pp. 50–53 [51]. Archived from the original on October 4, 2008. Retrieved March 7, 2012.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
24. ^Gilbert, Ben (January 12, 2012). 'NPD 2011: Sales across industry between $16.3 and $16.6 billion, Ubi tops software sales list'. Joystiq. Joystiq. Retrieved March 17, 2012.
25. ^ ^abJiji Gaho Sha, inc. (2003), Asia Pacific perspectives, Japan, 1, University of Virginia, p. 57, At that time, a game for use in entertainment arcades was considered a hit if it sold 1000 units; sales of Space Invaders topped 300,000 units in Japan and 60,000 units overseas.
26. ^ ^abKao, John J. (1989). Entrepreneurship, creativity & organization: text, cases & readings. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. p. 45. ISBN0-13-283011-6. Retrieved February 12, 2012. Estimates counted 7 billion coins that by 1982 had been inserted into some 400,000 Pac Man machines worldwide, equal to one game of Pac Man for every person on earth. US domestic revenues from games and licensing of the Pac Man image for T-shirts, pop songs, to wastepaper baskets, etc. exceeded $1 billion.
27. ^'Video arcades rival Broadway theatre and girlie shows in NY', InfoWorld, 4 (14), p. 15, April 12, 1982, ISSN0199-6649
28. ^Bill Loguidice; Matt Barton (2009), Vintage games: an insider look at the history of Grand Theft Auto, Super Mario, and the most influential games of all time, Focal Press, p. 181, ISBN0-240-81146-1, The machines were well worth the investment; in total they raked in over a billion dollars worth of quarters in the first year alone.
29. ^Mark J. P. Wolf (2008). 'Video Game Stars: Pac-Man'. The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to PlayStation and Beyond. ABC-CLIO. p. 73. ISBN0-313-33868-X. It would go on to become arguably the most famous video game of all time, with the arcade game alone taking in more than a billion dollars, and one study estimated that it had been played more than 10 billion times during the twentieth century.
30. ^Chris Morris (May 10, 2005). 'Pac Man turns 25: A pizza dinner yields a cultural phenomenon – and millions of dollars in quarters'. CNN. In the late 1990s, Twin Galaxies, which tracks video game world record scores, visited used game auctions and counted how many times the average Pac Man machine had been played. Based on those findings and the total number of machines that were manufactured, the organization said it believed the game had been played more than 10 billion times in the 20th century.
31. ^ ^ab'Space Invaders vs. Star Wars', Executive, Southam Business Publications, 24, p. 9, 1982, They compare this to the box office movie top blockbuster Star Wars, which has taken in only $486 million, for a net of $175 million.
32. ^Steve L. Kent (2001), The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world, Prima, p. 143, ISBN0-7615-3643-4, Rumors emerged that the unknown creator of Pac-Man had left the industry when he received only a $3500 bonus for creating the highest-grossing video game of all time.
33. ^ ^abcSteven L. Kent (2001), The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story behind the Craze that Touched Our Lives and Changed the World, Prima, p. 352, With more than 60,000 units sold in the United States, Donkey Kong was Nintendo's biggest arcade hit. .. Nintendo released Donkey Kong Junior in 1982 and sold only 30,000 machines, 20,000 Popeye machines (also 1982), and a mere 5000 copies of Donkey J (1983).
34. ^ ^abSteven L. Kent (2001), The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story behind the Craze that Touched Our Lives and Changed the World, Prima, p. 147, Defender was Williams Electronics' biggest seller. More than 55,000 units were placed worldwide.
35. ^ ^abBureau of National Affairs (1983), 'United States Patents Quarterly, Volume 216', United States Patents Quarterly, Associated Industry Publications, 216, Since February 1980, Midway has sold in excess of 40,000 Galaxian games
36. ^ ^abSteve L. Kent (2001), The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world, Prima, p. 352, ISBN0-7615-3643-4, In 1982, Universal Sales made arcade history with a game called Mr Do! Instead of selling dedicated Mr Do! machines, Universal sold the game as a kit. The kit came with a customized control panel, a computer board with Mr Do! read-only memory (ROM) chips, stickers that could be placed on the side of stand-up arcade machines for art, and a plastic marquee. It was the first game ever sold as a conversion only. According to former Universal Sales western regional sales manager Joe Morici, the company sold approximately 30,000 copies of the game in the United States alone.
37. ^ ^abcdeFujihara, Mary (November 2, 1983). 'Inter Office Memo'. Atari. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
38. ^'Rick Dyer: Biography'. Allgame.
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40. ^Indy 800 at the Killer List of Videogames
41. ^Speed Race Twin at the Killer List of Videogames
42. ^'Arcade Games'. Joystick. 1 (1): 10. September 1982.
43. ^Where Were They Then: The First Games of Nintendo, Konami, and More (Nintendo), 1UP
44. ^Turbo at the Killer List of Videogames
45. ^IGN Presents the History of SEGA, IGN
46. ^Bernard Perron & Mark J. P. Wolf (2008), Video game theory reader two, p. 157, Taylor & Francis, ISBN0-415-96282-X
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48. ^SubRoc-3D at the Killer List of Videogames
49. ^Karen Collins (2008). From Pac-Man to pop music: interactive audio in games and new media. Ashgate. p. 2. ISBN0-7546-6200-4.
50. ^ ^ab'Gaming's Most Important Evolutions'. GamesRadar. October 8, 2010. p. 2. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011.
51. ^ ^abcRally-X at the Killer List of Videogames
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63. ^Richards, Giles (July 24, 2005). 'A life through video games'. The Observer. Guardian Media Group. Retrieved May 22, 2008.
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71. ^'Movie Studios Purchase Piece Of Video Game Action', The Durant Daily Democrat, p. 22, July 14, 1982
72. ^ ^abcThe Wire, Volumes 221-226. 2002. p. 44. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
73. ^'Computer rock music gaining fans'. Sarasota Journal: 8. August 18, 1980.
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76. ^Lovelace, Craven (August 27, 2010). 'Take a waka-waka-waka on the wild side'. Grand Junction Free Press.
77. ^'Jesse Saunders – On And On'. Discogs. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
78. ^Church, Terry (February 9, 2010). 'Black History Month: Jesse Saunders and house music'. BeatPortal. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
79. ^Bracelin, Jason (May 22, 2007). 'House music finds a home'. Las Vegas Review-Journal. p. 1E. Retrieved September 12, 2013. A native of Chicago, where house was first popularized, Saunders is credited for producing and releasing the first house single, 'On and On', on his own Jes Say Records label.
80. ^'Popular Computing'. Volume 2. McGraw-Hill. 1982. Retrieved August 14, 2010. Pac-Man Fever went gold almost instantly with 1 million records sold.
81. ^'RIAA Gold & Platinum Searchable Database – Pac-Man Fever'. RIAA.com. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
82. ^'R. Cade And The Video Victims – Get Victimized'. Discogs.
83. ^Haruomi Hosono – Video Game Music at Discogs (list of releases)
84. ^Carlo Savorelli. 'Xevious'. Hardcore Gaming 101. p. 2.
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86. ^Stout, Andrew (June 24, 2011). 'Yellow Magic Orchestra on Kraftwerk and How to Write a Melody During a Cultural Revolution'. SF Weekly.
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89. ^'I-f – Space Invaders Are Smoking Grass'. Discogs. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
90. ^Tron (1982) at Box Office Mojo
91. ^Jack B. Rochester; John Gantz (1983), The naked computer: a layperson's almanac of computer lore, wizardry, personalities, memorabilia, world records, mind blowers, and tomfoolery, William Morrow and Company, p. 164, ISBN0-688-02450-5, Although the Disney Studios expected to make over $400 million from this siliconic extravaganza, our source at Variety tells us that its North American rentals were $15 million and estimated total gross, $30 million. The arcade game Tron, made by Bally, grossed more.
92. ^ ^abKevin Bowen, 'Galaga: Game of The Week', GameSpy, archived from the original on March 9, 2012
93. ^Mall Arcade (Dawn Of The Dead) on YouTube
94. ^ ^ab'Browse'. The Electronic Playground.
95. ^ ^abc'Learn The Code Book And Beat Video Games'. Ludington Daily News. March 1, 1982. p. 25.
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100. ^Chris Kohler (2005), Power-up: how Japanese video games gave the world an extra life, BradyGames, p. 18, ISBN0-7440-0424-1
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102. ^Edwards, Benj. 'Ten Things Everyone Should Know About Space Invaders'. 1UP.com. Retrieved July 11, 2008.
103. ^Smith, Keith. 'What Was The First 'True' Color Arcade Video Game?'. The Golden Age Arcade Historian. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
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106. ^'Bradley Trainer'
107. ^The Essential 50 – Pac-Man, 1UP
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109. ^Gaming's Most Important EvolutionsArchived June 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, GamesRadar
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112. ^Where Were They Then: The First Games of Nintendo, Konami, and More (SNK), 1UP
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116. ^Jungle King at the Killer List of Videogames
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120. ^'Fun Nintendo Facts You Probably Didn't Know About'. Stuff.tv. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
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126. ^'Trivia for TRON'. imdb.com. Retrieved September 15, 2007.
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129. ^'Local Amusement Facilities Planning To Get Dragon's Lair'. Spartanburg Herald-Journal. August 18, 1983.
130. ^Gyruss at the Killer List of Videogames
131. ^Mark J. P. Wolf (2008), The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to PlayStation and Beyond, p. 70, ABC-CLIO, ISBN0-313-33868-X
132. ^Dart Adams. 'Press Start: A Cross Cultural Examination Via Influential Video Games (1984–1992)'. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
133. ^'First side-scrolling beat-em-up'. Guinness World Records. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
134. ^Mark J. P. Wolf (2008), The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to PlayStation and Beyond, ABC-CLIO, p. 275, ISBN0-313-33868-X, What are the best-selling video games? There are a number of factors to consider when attempting to answer this question. First, there are several different types of video games, which makes comparisons difficult, or perhaps unfair. Arcade games are played for a quarter a play (although some are 50 cents, or even more), while home games are bought outright, and their systems must be purchased as well.
135. ^ ^abDonkey Kong sales:
     • Japan: 65,000 of Donkey Kong
       • Brian Ashcraft ; with Jean Snow. ; forewords by Kevin Williams; Crecente, Brian (2008). 'sixty-five+thousand' Arcade Mania: The Turbo-charged World of Japan's Game Centers (1st ed.). Tokyo: Kodansha International. ISBN4-7700-3078-9. Retrieved February 12, 2012. Jumpman hopped over barrels, climbed ladders, and jumped from suspended platform to suspended platform as he tried to rescue a damsel from his pissed-off pet gorilla. The game was a smash, and sixty-five thousand cabinets were sold in Japan, propping up the then-struggling Nintendo and laying the groundwork for Nintendo and Donkey Kong creator Shigeru Miyamoto to dominate gaming throughout the 1980s and beyond.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
     • United States: 67,000 of Donkey Kong
       • Bienaimé, Pierre (January 13, 2012). 'Square Roots: Donkey Kong (NES)'. Nintendojo. Retrieved April 8, 2012. Donkey Kong sold some 67,000 arcade cabinets in two years, making two of its American distributors sudden millionaires thanks to paid commission. As a barometer of success, know that Pac-Man and Ms. Pac-Man are the only arcade games to have sold over 100,000 units in the United States.
     • United States: 30,000 of Donkey Kong Jr.
       • Steven L. Kent (2001), The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story behind the Craze that Touched Our Lives and Changed the World, Prima, p. 352, With more than 60,000 units sold in the United States, Donkey Kong was Nintendo's biggest arcade hit. The arcade industry began its long collapse the year after Donkey Kong was released, and Nintendo's arcade fortunes eroded quickly. Nintendo released Donkey Kong Junior in 1982 and sold only 30,000 machines, 20,000 Popeye machines (also 1982), and a mere 5000 copies of Donkey Kong 3 (1983).
136. ^Beamish, Graeme (May 22, 2010). 'Pellet-popping power: Pac-Man turns 30 today'. Nanaimo Daily News. Canwest News Service. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
137. ^Steve L. Kent (2001), The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world, Prima, p. 132, ISBN0-7615-3643-4, Atari sold more than 70,000 Asteroids machines in the United States. The game did not do as well in Europe and Asia, however. Only about 30,000 units were sold overseas.
138. ^Sellers, John (2001). Arcade fever: the fan's guide to the golden age of video games. Philadelphia: Running Press. p. 51. ISBN0-7624-0937-1. Retrieved September 12, 2013. Williams sold around 60,000 units of Defender, easily the company's most successful game.
139. ^ ^abcd'Atari Production Numbers Memo'. Atari Games. January 4, 2010. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
140. ^Steve L. Kent (2001). The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world. Prima. p. 224. ISBN0-7615-3643-4. Gottlieb sold approximately 25,000 Q*Bert arcade machines.
141. ^Jeff Fulton; Steve Fulton (2010). 'A short history of Missile Command'. The essential guide to Flash games : building interactive entertainment with ActionScript 3.0 (New ed.). [Berkeley, Calif.]: Friends of ED. p. 138. ISBN1-4302-2614-5. Retrieved February 7, 2012. While certainly not the size of Asteroids, the game was still a huge hit with almost 20,000 units sold.
142. ^Fujihara, Mary (July 25, 1983). 'Inter Office Memo'. Atari. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
143. ^Steve L. Kent (2001), The ultimate history of video games: from Pong to Pokémon and beyond : the story behind the craze that touched our lives and changed the world, Prima, p. 225, ISBN0-7615-3643-4, Cinematronics sold more than 16,000 Dragon's Lair machines in 1983, for an average price of $4300. Coleco purchased the home rights to the game, giving Cinematronics an additional $2 million.
144. ^ ^abc'Stern Production Numbers and More CCI Photos'. May 1, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
145. ^'Production Numbers'(pdf). Atari. 1999. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
146. ^'Can Lasers Save VIdeo Arcades?'. The Philadelphia Inquirer. February 3, 1984. Retrieved March 13, 2012. Last year, arcade game revenues were approximately $5 billion, compared to $8 billion in 1981 and $7 billion in 1982.
147. ^ ^ab'Video Games Are an Exercise In Annihilation'. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. May 30, 1989. Retrieved March 13, 2012. In 1988, players dropped enough change at video arcades to generate revenues of $6.4 billion, up from $4 billion in 1986. Many of those quarters were powering machine guns and fists of fury. According to the April issue of RePlay magazine, 29 of the 45 most popular video games are action games. Three of the top five games listed by PlayMeter were ones with war or fighting themes.
148. ^ ^abSpencer, Spanner, The Tao of Beat-'em-ups (part 2), EuroGamer, Feb 12, 2008, Retrieved Mar 18, 2009
149. ^Johnson, Tracy (April 3, 1992). 'Are Arcades Archaic? Business down, owners add zip and zap to lure players'. The Boston Globe. p. 89. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
150. ^Horwitz, Jeremy (July 8, 2002). 'Technology: Mortal Apathy?'. The New York Times. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
151. ^History of Computing: Video games – Golden Age from The History of Computing Project

Further reading[edit]

• The Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games by David Ellis (2004), ISBN0-375-72038-3

External links[edit]

• The Dot Eaters, Videogame History 101

Arcade Space Shooting Games